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To the west, the Rock & Pillar Range ( Patearoa Gold) is an upfolded ridge (antiform) that is still slowly increasing in height and length at about 0.1 millimetres/year. This inland basin has been formed by folding of the schist bedrock. Middlemarch lies beside the Taieri River in the Strath Taieri basin. The rail trail leaves the Taieri catchment near Wedderburn, where it crosses a low pass to the Ida Burn in the Clutha River catchment. The trail passes high above a gorge in the Taieri River between Hyde and Kokonga, then goes to Ranfurly in the Maniototo basin. The Otago Central Rail Trail starts at Middlemarch in the Strath Taieri basin. Topographic map of the Taieri River catchment in east Otago. Deep Stream, a major tributary to the middle reaches of the Taieri River has its source in the same area of the Lammermoor and Lammerlaw Ranges. From its source, the Taieri River flows almost entirely around the Rock & Pillar Range, and the middle reaches of the river are only 30 km from the source. The Taieri River discharges to the Pacific Ocean at Taieri Mouth, only 60 km from its source area in the Lammermoor and Lammerlaw Ranges (see maps). In contrast, the Taieri River drains only the eastern Otago uplands, and follows an almost circular path from its source to the sea. The Clutha flows from the western mountains, the Southern Alps, right across Otago, to the sea on the east coast. Both these rivers are more than 200 km long. The Taieri River is the second-largest river that drains the Otago landscape, and it is almost as long as the largest one, the neighbouring Clutha River. The Clutha River flows right across Otago from the Southern Alps to the sea, whereas the Taieri River follows a circuitous course in east Otago. Topographic map of east and central Otago, showing the contrasting courses of the >200 km long Clutha and the Taieri Rivers. The railway line now ends at Middlemarch and the Otago Central Rail Trail continues as a walking, biking and horse-riding track past Ranfurly, and ends in Clyde on the Clutha River (see map). The railway is now used only for tourist traffic. Upstream of the Taieri Plain, a long gorge is followed by the old Otago Central railway to Middlemarch. A small gorge near the sea is tidal almost as far upstream as Dunedin Airport on the Taieri Plain. The river corridor has been an important pathway for access to central Otago since the early days of human settlement. The Taieri River is an important geographic, economic, and environmental feature of east Otago. Summary of the long-term evolution of the Taieri River catchment.Evidence for the ancient Kye Burn flow to the Clutha River.Changed flow direction of the upper Taieri River.
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